Topics in microbiology. Enteroviruses--a review of their properties and associated diseases. Am J Clin Pathol. Studies on the development of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in Louisiana.
Over-all plan, methods and observations as to patterns of seroimmunity in the study group. Am J Hyg. The incidence of poliovirus infections during as an indication of the effect of Salk-type vaccine on virus dissemination.
Endemic and epidemic trends of poliomyelitis in Central and South America. Bull World Health Organ. Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. Authors Naveen Tariq ; Chris Kyriakopoulos 1. Coxsackie B virus belongs to the Picornavirus family and can cause a variety of diseases, including gastrointestinal illness, myocarditis, pneumonia, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and hepatitis.
This activity describes the evaluation and treatment of coxsackie group B infection and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in improving care for patients with this condition. Objectives: Describe the etiology of coxsackie group B viral infections. Review the symptoms of infection with viruses in the coxsackie B group. Summarize the appropriate treatment for coxsackie Group B viral infections. Explain how the interprofessional team should be aware of the severe complications that can occur and anticipate the need for supportive care in such situations.
Access free multiple choice questions on this topic. Coxsackievirus Group B is a member of the family Picornaviridae, genus Enterovirus. The enterovirus EV is a positive-sensed, single-stranded RNA virus named for their enteric, or gastrointestinal route of transmission. Coxsackieviruses are non enveloped viruses with linear single-stranded RNA. Group A coxsackieviruses were noted to cause flaccid paralysis, which was caused by generalized myositis.
In contrast, group B coxsackieviruses were observed to cause a spastic paralysis because of the degeneration of neuronal tissue and focal muscle injury. Coxsackie group B affects males and females equally and can occur worldwide. Infection usually occurs during warm summer months.
For 2 to 3 years, coxsackievirus B1 was the predominant serotype. Infections due to coxsackievirus B4 was associated with higher mortality than other serotypes. The age of the patient seems to play a role in the development of the different types of manifestations of the infection.
Enteroviruses are the predominant cause of viral meningitis in adults, but most of the cases occur in infants and children less than five years old. Pleurodynia is most common amongst adults. The pathogenesis of coxsackieviruses depends upon specific virus-receptor interactions. These interactions determine the location and the origin of the primary infection and also influence the viral spread to other organs during the post viremic stage.
The coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor CAR and the decay-accelerating factor DAF are the notable receptor proteins that play an important role in the pathogenesis of Coxsackie B virus infections. DAF is expressed in epithelial and endothelial cells. CAR is present in intercalated discs, which are structures that link the myocardial cells and relay signals between cells. Interactions with these receptors facilitate Coxsackie B virus entry into the myocardial cells, eventually leading to myocarditis.
CNS infections may occur by hematogenous spread or by axonal transport. Viral replication or activation of the autoimmune system can lead to injury of CNS tissues. While the exact mechanisms that cause cell injury and death remain unknown, viral inhibition of cellular macromolecular production, the toxicity of viral proteins, and virus-induced apoptosis are thought to play a role. Symptoms of infection with viruses in the Coxsackie B grouping include headache, fever, sore throat, gastrointestinal distress, extreme fatigue, chest pain, and myalgia.
The severity of infection varies depending on the host's age, and immune status as well as the presenting disease syndrome and organ system attacked. The incubation period also varies within syndromes, and maximum transmission occurs within the first two weeks of infection. Usually, a clinical diagnosis is all that is required due to the self-limiting course of the infection. However, more severe cases such as myocarditis, aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, and neonatal infection can sometimes require identification of the specific organism.
Furthermore, laboratory diagnosis can be epidemiologically useful, especially during epidemics. RT-PCR is the most commonly used modality. The virus is self-limited with no specific recommended treatment. Symptomatic and supportive care for the associated syndromes is appropriate. Patients with neurological complications may need antiepileptics for seizures and sedation for delirium.
Furthermore, patients may also require heart failure therapy and treatment of arrhythmias. This article has been cited by other articles in PMC.
Abstract The quantitative distribution of the Conn. A virus recovered from the feces of poliomyelitis patients pathogenic for suckling mice. The Coxsackie viruses. Bull N Y Acad Med. Studies on the Coxsackie viruses; properties, immunological aspects and distribution in nature. Lesions caused in suckling mice by certain viruses isolated from cases of so called non-paralytic poliomyelitis and of pleurodynia.
A virus isolated from patients diagnosed as non-paralytic poliomyelitis or aseptic meningitis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. A viral agent isolated from a case of "non-paralytic poliomyelitis" and pathogenic for suckling mice: its possible relation to the coxsackie group of viruses.
Facts as: the release of viruses in the latent period, co-infection or coexisting of two viruses at the same time and super long period of expulsion of toxin exist in EV71 and CA16 did exist.
Abstract Objective: To determine the epidemiological features of hand-foot-and-mouth disease HFMD outbreaks and the genetic characteristics of enterovirus type 71 EV71 isolates from patients in Lianyungang, Jiangsu province in May,
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